Flammability rating: Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) is approximately 18%–20%, well below flame-retardant standards (typically ≥26%); classified as a flammable natural fiber.
Low ignition point (approx. 150°C); ignites rapidly upon contact with an open flame;
Burns quickly with rapid flame spread; continues to burn after the ignition source is removed (does not self-extinguish);
Burning odor resembles that of burning paper (due to cellulose pyrolysis products);
Residue consists of grayish-white powdery ash (fully oxidized inorganic salts).
Phosphorus-based halogen-free flame retardants (e.g., ammonium polyphosphate), surface grafting, nanocomposites;
Modification results: LOI can be raised to over 34%; vertical burning performance reaches UL94 V-0 rating (self-extinguishing upon removal of flame, no flaming droplets);
